Cryogenic huab cua sib cais (CES) thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tau txais cov pa roj xws li oxygen, nitrogen, thiab argon hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Los ntawm kev sib cais huab cua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, siab - purity oxygen, nitrogen, thiab argon tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm qhov loj, ua tau raws li ntau hom kev lag luam roj xav tau ntawm kev lag luam xws li hlau, tshuaj, hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no piav qhia txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm kev sib cais huab cua cryogenic, tsom mus rau nws cov kev siv hauv ntau yam lag luam, kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis, thiab kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm engineering.
Cov Lus Qhia
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Cryogenic cua sib cais
Txheej Txheem Flow thiab Core Elements
Hom cog Scale thiab Industrial Development
Cov ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Hlau
Cov ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj
Cov ntawv thov hauv Electronics Industry
Cov ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob
Technological Development Trends thiab Engineering Practice
Cov ntsiab lus
1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Cryogenic Cua Sib cais
Cua yog tsim los ntawm nitrogen (kwv yees li 78%), oxygen (kwv yees li 21%), thiab ib qho me me ntawm argon (kwv yees li 0.9%). Cov ntsiab lus kub ntawm cov pa oxygen, nitrogen, thiab argon sib txawv heev (nitrogen ≈ -196 degree, argon ≈ -186 degree, oxygen ≈ -183 degree), muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau cryogenic distillation sib cais. Cryogenic huab cua sib cais siv cov yam ntxwv no, ua kom tiav ib txhij ntawm high{12}}purity oxygen, nitrogen, thiab argon los ntawm huab cua liquefaction thiab ntau theem distillation sib cais. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem xws li kev sib cais membrane lossis siab viav vias adsorption, cryogenic huab cua sib cais, txawm hais tias lub zog siv zog, muaj qhov zoo xws li cov zis siab, siab purity, thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau tib lub sijhawm rho tawm cov pa roj tsawg, ua rau nws cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam roj ntau lawm.
2. Cov txheej txheem ntws thiab cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb
Txoj kev sib cais ntawm huab cua cryogenic feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
Cua Compression thiab Purification
Cov huab cua nyob ib puag ncig yog thawj zaug los ntawm lub tshuab compressor, thaum cov impurities xws li ya raws thiab carbon dioxide raug tshem tawm los tiv thaiv icing thiab khoom thaiv thaum lub sij hawm qis -kub theem.
Cooling thiab liquefaction
Cua txias rau nws liquefaction kub los ntawm ib tug tub yees lub voj voog, tsim kua huab cua los muab feedstock rau tom qab distillation.
Siab- thiab qis-Kev Sib Cais Siab Distillation
Cov huab cua ua kua nkag mus rau siab -siab thiab qis- siab distillation kab rau feem. Nitrogen yog enriched nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm siab - siab kem, thaum lub hauv qab muaj oxygen - muaj kua. Cov pa oxygen- uas muaj cov kua nkag mus rau hauv qis - siab kem rau ntxiv distillation, thaum kawg yielding siab - purity oxygen thiab nitrogen.
Argon, raws li ib tug byproduct, yog rho tawm los ntawm sab kwj ntawm lub qis - siab kem thiab ntxiv purified los ntawm ib tug argon distillation kem.
Through multi-stage distillation, high-purity oxygen (>99.9%), high-purity nitrogen (>99.9%), thiab kev lag luam argon tuaj yeem tsim tau ib txhij, ua tiav cov khoom siv sib txawv rau kev xav tau kev lag luam.
3. Hom cog Scale thiab Industrial Development
Txij li thaum nws industrialization nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, cryogenic huab cua sib cais tshuab tau pom kev nthuav dav hauv cov nroj tsuag. Xyoo 1902, thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj pa oxygen tau qhia, ua kom cov pa oxygen ntau lawm. Niaj hnub no, ib qho loj - teev huab cua sib cais muaj peev xwm tsim cov pa oxygen ntawm 5,000 tons / hnub, ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw sib cais huab cua loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Loj - nplai cov pa oxygen feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom steel, chaw ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob, muab cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm siab - cov pa roj purity, ua lub neej rau kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no.
4. Kev siv hauv kev lag luam hlau
Cov txheej txheem steelmaking muaj qhov xav tau loj heev rau oxygen:
Blast furnace ironmaking: Ua kom cov pa oxygen enrichment ntawm lub qhov cub tawg ua rau qhov kub thiab txias, ua kom tsis huv oxidation, thiab txhim kho cov hlau ua kom zoo.
Hloov steelmaking: Txhaj cov pa ntshiab rau hauv cov hlau molten ua rau cov zis thiab ua kom zoo dua.
Oxygen noj: Kwv yees li 50 cubic meters los yog ntau dua ntawm cov pa oxygen yog xav tau los tsim 1 tuj converter steel. Cov hlau loj loj feem ntau tsim lawv tus kheej cov chaw sib cais cua kom ntseeg tau cov khoom siv tas mus li.
Nitrogen yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam steel raws li ib tug inert tiv thaiv thiab purging gas:
Tiv thaiv molten hlau thaum nruam nruam los tiv thaiv huab cua oxidation;
Kev tawg- pov thawj nyob rau hauv blast furnace pulverized thee txhaj thiab converter roj rov qab;
Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kav dej thaum lub sij hawm kaw.
Argon feem ntau yog siv hauv ladle refining (xws li AOD refining), tshem tawm impurities thiab ua tiav homogenization ntawm molten hlau los ntawm nplawm nws. Cov tuam txhab steel loj cia siab rau ntau lub tshuab cua sib cais kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tawg, hloov pauv, thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo.
5. Cov ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, cov cua sib cais cua txias muab cov pa oxygen, nitrogen, thiab argon, uas tau siv dav rau:
Cov pa oxygen yog siv rau hauv kev tawg, ib nrab oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov txheej txheem incineration;
Nitrogen muab cov cua tsis zoo los tiv thaiv kev tawg lossis oxidation thaum muaj tshuaj lom neeg;
Argon yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj synthesis tshwj xeeb lossis siab - cov txheej txheem tshuaj purity kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam ruaj khov.
Cov chaw ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau muaj cov chaw sib cais huab cua loj los xyuas kom muaj cov pa roj txuas ntxiv thiab ruaj khov thoob plaws tag nrho cov kab ntau lawm.
6. Cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam Electronics
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab semiconductor muaj kev xav tau siab heev rau siab -purity gases:
Nitrogen yog siv los ua ib qho inert tiv thaiv roj los tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm cov txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv;
Argon yog siv los ua cov pa roj lossis cov roj tiv thaiv hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias, ntim khoom, thiab kev tsim khoom semiconductor;
Oxygen pab nyob rau hauv siab -cov tshuaj tiv thaiv precision nyob rau hauv photolithography thiab etching txheej txheem.
Lub siab purity thiab siab stability ntawm cryogenic cua sib cais units ua rau lawv ib tug indispensable qhov chaw ntawm industrial gases rau lub electronics kev lag luam.
7. Cov ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob
Lub zog kev lag luam qhov kev thov rau industrial gases feem ntau tsom rau:
combustion Oxygenation: Gas turbines thiab thee-Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tua hluav taws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib txuas los ntawm kev siv cov pa oxygen los pab combustion;
Kev Tiv Thaiv Inert: Nitrogen yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv tawg hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov kav dej, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
Liquefied Gas Applications: Ua kua oxygen thiab kua nitrogen ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev cia lub zog, superconductivity, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.
Loj - cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob feem ntau yog nruab nrog cov cua sib cais rau ob peb lub zog tsim khoom nrog cov khoom siv roj.
8. Kev Tsim Kho Kev Tsim Kho Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Engineering
Tsis ntev los no txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuab cryogenic cua sib cais muaj xws li:
Scale- nce ntawm Cov Khoom: Ua kom cov zis ntau dua thiab qis zog siv ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom sib cais cua;
Intelligentization thiab Automation: Txais DCS/PLC systems kom ua tiav 24/7 kev ua haujlwm tas mus li thiab tiag - sijhawm saib xyuas;
Energy Recovery Optimization: Txo tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tsim kho kom zoo ntawm cov expanders, turbines, thiab cov cua kub exchangers;
Los ntawm -Product Development: Ntxiv argon thiab lwm cov pa roj tsawg rov qab los txhim kho tus nqi nyiaj txiag.
Kev xyaum ua vaj tse tau pom tias cov khoom siv tsim nyog, kev ua kom huv huv huv, thiab tsim lub thawv txias yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab ruaj khov.
9. Cov lus xaus
Cryogenic huab cua sib cais tshuab ua tiav cov khoom loj- teev ntau ntawm -purity oxygen, nitrogen, thiab argon los ntawm qis-kub distillation ntawm huab cua, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb lav rau niaj hnub steel, tshuaj, hluav taws xob, thiab hluav taws xob kev lag luam. Nws qhov zoo yog nyob rau hauv nws cov nplai loj, cov pa roj purity siab, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom cov pa roj tsawg ib txhij. Kev lag luam steel cia siab rau cov cua sib cais kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev ua hlau, steelmaking, thiab kev ua kom zoo; kev lag luam tshuaj ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thiab cov khoom zoo; kev lag luam hluav taws xob ua tau raws li qhov kev thov rau siab - purity gases; thiab lub zog kev lag luam txhim kho combustion efficiency thiab kev nyab xeeb. Nrog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv thiab txhim kho kev tswj hwm ntse, kev sib cais ntawm huab cua cryogenic yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam yav tom ntej.
